PUBLISHING DESIGN | FINAL PROJECT

20/05/19 - 24/06/19 | Week 8 - Week 13
Yeoh Xiao Shi (0331577)
Publishing Design
Final Project

---

INSTRUCTIONS

---

FINAL PROJECT 
Ebook (Week 8 - Week 13)

Week 8 (20/05/19)

For this final project, we would need to adapt the printed book we have designed previously for the purpose of on-screen reading. Since there is no class this week, Mr. Vinod gave us the instruction to begin the animation of our visuals through the Facebook group. With the instruction given, I also proceed to animate the visuals of the first chapter.

Animated Visuals :

Fig.1.1: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.2: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.3: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.4; Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.5: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.6: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Fig.1.7: Animated visual. (first attempt)

Week 9 (27/05/19)

This week, I managed to show Mr. Vinod the first attempt of my animations. He mentioned that the animations are all basic, hence I need to give them more depth to create a more interesting result. With the feedback received, I need to continue working on the animations.

In the same class, we were instructed to start working on the ebook for desktop from the book cover till the end of the first chapter. The required size of the ebook is 1366 x 768 px so the point size we used in the printed book would not able to work here. Hence, we need to rearrange the layout and increase the point size when designing for the desktop.

Animated Visuals :

Fig.2.1: Animated visual. (second attempt).

Fig.2.2: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.3: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.4: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.5: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.6: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.7: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.8: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.9: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.10: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Fig.2.11: Animated visual. (second attempt)

Ebook (Desktop Version) :

Fig.2.12: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.2.13: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.2.14: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.2.15: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.2.16: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.2.17: Layout of desktop ebook. (first attempt)

Week 10 (03/06/19)
There is no class this week since it was a Raya Holiday. Therefore, we were required continue to work on the project online. For me, I proceed to work on the layout for the ebook.

Fig.3.1: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.2: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.3: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.4: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.5: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.6: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.7: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.8: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.9: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.10: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.11: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.12: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.13: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.14: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.15: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.16: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.17: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Fig.3.18: Layout of desktop ebook. (second attempt)

Week 11 (10/06/19)

This week, Mr Vinod went through what I have completed and gave some feedback for it. For the animation, I was told to work harder as to improve it. Since I'm not good in animating, I was also told to ask help from my friends. While for the ebook, he mentioned that the ragging is poor which creates a distracting view to it. Also, the layout doesn't look good right now as I didnt follow the grid system. Hence, I need to fix it by adjusting line length and correct the layout by following the grid system. Moreover, I would need to add find a strategy place to place the button and add rollover effect to it. 

Animated Visuals :

Fig.4.1: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.2: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.3: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.4: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.5: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.6: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.7: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.8: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.9: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.10: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.11: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.12: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.13: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Fig.4.14: Animated visual. (third attempt).

Ebook (Desktop Version) :

Fig.4.15: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.16: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.17: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.18: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.19: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.20: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.21: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.22: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.23: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.24: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.25: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.26: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.27: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.28: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.29: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.30: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.31: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Fig.4.32: Layout of desktop ebook. (third attempt)

Week 12 (17/06/19)

By this week, I have to complete all the animations for the visuals as well as the layout of my book since it will be finalized in the following week. For the animation, I did try to make some new attempts but the outcome is not what I expected. Hence, I continue to work it like how I did previously as there is not much time for me to explore more. Meanwhile, I would also need to make an attempt on the layout of the iPhone ebook. The required size of the iPhone ebook is 750 x 1334 px and the font size needs to be bigger than the desktop ebook.

Animated Visuals :

Fig.5.1: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.2: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.3: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.4: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.5: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.6: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.7: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.8: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.9: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.10: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.11: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.12: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.13: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.14: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.15: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Fig.5.16: Animated visual. (final attempt).

Ebook (Desktop Version) :

Fig.5.17: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.18: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.19: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.20: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.21: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.22: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.23: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.24: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.25: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.26: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.27: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.28: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.29: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.30: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.31: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.32: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.33: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Fig.5.34: Layout of desktop ebook. (fourth attempt)

Ebook (iPhone Version) :

Fig.5.35: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.36: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.37: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.38: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.39: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.40: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.41: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.42: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.43: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.44: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.45: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.6: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.47: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.48: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Fig.5.49: Layout of iPhone ebook. (first attempt)

Week 13 (24/06/19)

This week, Mr. Vinod went through both of my desktop and iPhone ebook and finalized the design. He gave some feedback to me so that I could improve before submitting it. With the feedback received, I also continued to make improvements on the layout as well as the rollover. As the submission for the e-portfolio is next week, we were told to complete it by referring to our senior's blog and to make sure all necessary contents are included. 

Final Submission :

Desktop Version (1366x768 px)

PDF File

Embedded PDF of the desktop ebook.

Thumbnails

Fig.7.1: Desktop ebook thumbnails.

Fig.7.2: Desktop ebook thumbnails.

Embedded PDF of the thumbnails.

Online Desktop Ebook

Love Yourself Desktop Ebook.

iPhone 6 Version (750x1334 px)

PDF File

Embedded PDF of the iphone ebook.

Thumbnails

Fig.7.3: Iphone ebook thumbnails.

Embedded PDF of the thumbnails.

Online iPhone Ebook

Love Yourself iPhone Ebook.

---

FEEDBACK

Week 8

General Feedback : There is no class this week since it is a public holiday. A general feedback was given through Facebook group and we were told to start working on the animation of our visuals. In addition, we were told to look at the link provided and do our own research on what is possible for the visuals.

Specific Feedback : The layout is good and there is consistency right now, but I was suggested to add one or two pages of text with pull quotes as to break the consistency. As for the book cover, I told Mr. Vinod I want to go with a simple and minimal design. He said the design is up to me but it should be able to give an impact to the book also make it stand out.

Week 9

General Feedback : As there is no class in the following week, we were told to print the book out and take a photo of it for the submission. We were also told to choose the right paper for our book in which the book cover should always be thicker than the content paper. While for the e-book, we were told to finish the first page to the end of the first chapter of the desktop version in the class. General point size for the desktop would be 16 pt to 22 pt but it still depends on the typeface chosen. 

Specific Feedback : For the book cover, I was told that it doesn't really match the style of my visuals as it looks too clean. Hence, I was advised to choose one of the visuals from the book to act as the background. Other than that, the book layout is okay but I need to make some adjustments to the two pages of pull quotes. As for the animations, Mr. Vinod said they are all basic right now so I need to add more depth to them.

Week 10 
General Feedback : There is no class this week due to Raya Holiday. Hence, Mr Vinod gave us a general feedback through Facebook group. As he will be evaluating our portfolio for Project 2, we were told to ensure all our blog post is updated and complete with all the contents that was referenced in the example eportfolio provided.
Specific Feedback : A message was posted on the Facebook and I was told to update the feedback sheet for the previous week.

Week 11
General Feedback : For the eportfolio, we were told to refer to the reference provided. Also, we were told to upload the embedded thumbnail for project 2 post. In addition, we were told that we need to be good in animation.
Specific Feedback : For the animation, it still need some improvements by adding more depth to the illustration. As for the ebook, the ragging of the text is poor right now so I need to adjust the line length and line break to make it looks better. Other than that, he mentioned the layout doesn't look good because I didn't follow the grid system created. Therfore, I need to reaarange the content by following the grid system. Moreover, I was also told to find one strategy place to add in the button and rollover.

Week 12 
General Feedback : For both desktop and mobile versions of the ebook, we were told to add rollover to the content page. Meanwhile, we were also told to check the font size of the mobile ebook on the iPhone and increase the size if it is too small to ensure good readability. Last but not least, we were required to complete the ebook for accessing in the following week.
Specific Feedback : The layout for the ebook has no problem and there is also some good animation in it. Other than that, I need to animate the rest of the visual that I have not complete. I was also told not to spend too much time on the animation and just try my best to complete it as long as it is pleasant to look at.

Week 13
General Feedback : Since next week is the submission day for the compilation of our e-portfolio, we were told to complete our blog by referring to the reference provided. Also, we were told to check the posts to ensure all the necessary post is uploaded.
Specific Feedback : For the desktop ebook, I was told that I can make two versions for the rollover. For example, black color for the white background while another color for the visual background so that it is visible. As for the iPhone ebook, the ragging is poor and I would need to improve it by increasing the line length. Other than that, everything is fine. 

---

REFLECTION

Experiences :

Week 8 : This week, I got to start working on the animation of the visuals for my book. I found it is hard for me to start at first as I have no idea on how to animate it, but I get familiar with it slowly after a few explorations.
Week 9 : For this week, I continued to work on the animations as well as to improve some of them after the feedback given. Other than that, I would also need to start working on the ebook for desktop from the book cover until the end of the first chapter.
Week 10 : This week, I keep trying to explore with the animations since most of them are still not good enough. However, it took up more time than I expected. Hence, I decided to focus on the layout of the ebook for the desktop version first.
Week 11 : In this week, I managed to show Mr. Vinod the progress and received some feedback from him. After that, I proceeded to work on the animation as well as to fix the layout of my ebook for the desktop. Other than that, I also need to add the navigation buttons and rollover effect to all the pages.
Week 12 : This week, I continued to finish all the animations and make some improvements to the layout of the desktop ebook as it needs to be finalized next week. At the same time, I also got to work on the layout for the mobile version.
Week 13 : This week, I got to finalize the layout of the ebook for both desktop and mobile versions with Mr.Vinod. From the consultation, I also got to receive some feedback from him so that I could improve the ebook before submitting it. Moreover, I managed to learn about how to publish my ebook online through Adobe Indesign. 

Observations :

Week 8 : After a few attempts, I observed I'm getting used to Adobe Photoshop as compared to After Effects. Hence, I decided to continue the animation in Adobe Photoshop. Moreover, I realised it took up more time than I expected to animate as I not sure how to animate the visuals.
Week 9 : As compared to others, I noticed my animations are all too basic and I need to work harder to improve it. For the ebook, I found it is easier to work on since I already have the experience to create the layout in the previous project.
Week 10 : I realised I'm more comfortable to do something static rather than animation. Thus, I would like to spend more time on the layout than animations.
Week 11 : I noticed animation is always my weakness and I'm kind of lost when it comes to animate the visuals. I spent a whole day to explore with the animations but the outcome doesn't turn out like what I expected and this really demotivate me to continue the work.
Week 12 : I observed there are too many elements in my visuals and is quite hard to separate it layer by layer and to animate it at the same time. Since there is not much time left for me to explore, I decided to stop pressuring myself and just try my best to finish the animations.
Week 13 : I realised I'm a bit relief after finishing the animations that have been stressing me in these few weeks. Although the outcome doesn't look that good but is still worth to learn from the progress. 

Findings :

Week 8 : As I'm not that good in animation, I found I could only animate the visuals in a very simple way. Also, I found it is quite satisfying to see the visuals being animated although it took me lots of time.

Week 9 : I found that the animations that I have done are still very basic and I need to explore more to make it better and nicer. On the other hand, I also found that the font size for the ebook needs to be larger than the print book to enhance a good reading experience for the readers.

Week 10 : I found that time management is really important in this crucial week as I not only need to work on the animations and the layout of the ebook but also other assignments that due soon.

Week 11 : I found that the ragging of my ebook is poor right now and it doesn't look good. Hence, it is important for me to adjust the line length and kerning to achieve a visually pleasing result.

Week 12 : I found that mobile ebook required a larger font size as compared to desktop ebook and printed book. It might looks very big on the desktop but it was just nice to look on the phone. In addition, it is important to test the mobile ebook through the phone so that I could see if the font size and layout are suitable for the readers to read from the phone.

Week 13 : Throughout the weeks, I found myself learning a lot from this assignment including the mistakes I did as well as the challenges I faced. I could also see my improvements week by week, maybe not the animations part but the layout of the ebook.

---

FURTHER READING (WEEK 8-13)

Week 8

Type Rules: The Designer's Guide to PProfessionalTypography
By:Strizver, Illene

This week, I have read about the typographic hierarchy on the web. According to the authors, it is said that the concept of establishing good typographic hierarchy on the web and in print is based on the same principles, but the specific considerations and technical execution can be vary. To accomplish hierarchy of the typographic elements of our content, we need to determine where we want the viewer to look first, second, third, then reinforce them by following the guidelines below: 

• keep the most important information highly visible 

• use type size, style, case, placement and colour to establish and reinforce the hierarchy

• use subheads and other "chunking" techniques to break up lengthy copy and organise the content into small, digestible bits

• check the appearance of bolds and italics used for emphasis to make sure they stand out enough, as their appearance and emphasis potential can vary from font to font, size to size and monitor to monitor

• do not underlines for anything except for links

• avoid all-cap settings for a lot of text, as it reduces readability and tires the eye

• view the content in different sized monitors, screens, and devices 

Week 9 - Week 10

Type on Screen : A Critical Guide For Designers, Developers, Writers & Students
By: Ellen Lupton

(Week 9)

For this week, I got to read about the type size on the screen from this book. It is said that crafting a reading platform on the web begins with finding the right size for our primary type as the size we like to use in print will look too small on a desktop or laptop screen. People tend to hold a book or magazine fairly close to their faces while sitting farther away from computer screens. Thus, comfortable reading on a desktop or laptop screen requires larger sizes than print. The fuzziness of anti-aliased and backlit characters also calls for larger sizes.

The body text of the screen needs to be big before it works well in a standard web browser. For example, a good starting point for Georgia is 17pt, which is the default size of most browsers. This text size might seem extreme if compare to a book that has been placed side by side to the screen, but these type sizes got to even out when reading from the same distance. 

Fig.5.16: Units to measure type on screen.

There are four units for measuring type on the screen which are pixels, points, percentages, and ems. Pixels and points are absolute elements set by the browser. Employing these units can override the user's browser settings, which can have unintended outcomes when users alter their own preferences as well. On the contrary, percentages and ems are scalable, non-fixed units, determined in relation to the browser's current point size; these units are preferable because they allow users to adjust their own browser preferences without breaking the design of the site.

(Week 10)

From the same book, I have read about the linear reading and selective reading of digital publishing this week. The authors mentioned that digital publishing has transformed readers into users who interact with content, responding to it in non-linear, sometimes unsanctioned ways. Reading has never been a singular experience, It can be fast or slow, focused or distracted, public or private, print or digital. Moreover, the books have changed from being fixed in objects to open systems nowadays. Networked tools allow consumers to rate, review, and annotate texts and to search across diverse bodies of material. Also, the emerging platforms allow the writers to communicate with readers throughout the publishing process.

An ePub is a standard format to represent and encode digital content in a single packaged file that can be distributed and sold electronically. Although the popularity if ePub is tied to the growing use of iPads, Kindles, and other devices, ePubs can be read with numerous reader apps created for desktops and mobile phones. In addition to ePubs, digital publications can take the form of web pages, PDFs, and custom apps enriched with multiple contents. The structure of ePub is usually linear which works well with long-form texts like fiction and in-depth journalism. Although digital bookmarks allow users, in principle, to jump back and forth through the content, the ePub medium overwhelmingly favours reading in a straight path from beginning to the end.

Other than linear reading, there is selective reading. Google Books presents a wholly different landscape from a Kindle or other ePub-based device. It is said that the Google Books interface surrounds its content with links to sellers, libraries, and reviews. Also, Google's digital books retain the typographic texture and the page layout of the physical works. But unlike printed volumes. These digitised books are fully searchable, providing scholars with a powerful research tool. They support an active, acquisitive, goal-oriented mode of reading.


Week 11

Layout
By: Gavin Amrose & Paul Harris 

This week, I have read about how contemporary designers break the rule from the selected book. It is a method of breaking the grid and works without it in order to suit the needs of the project. The grid provides a structure and constraints within which a design is to be arranged but sometimes the use of a grid is not appropriate due to the nature of the material to be presented or the visual style that the designer wants to produce.  Hence, abounding the grid allows greater freedom and creativity to be unleashed, although the designer still needs to control this in order to avoid a somewhat dysfunctional result.

However, the designer may still need to be guided by an underlying principle or theme of the work to assist the decision-making process when working without a grid. In this way, the structure is still provided but it is not dictated by a grid.


Week 12 

Article: 9 Benefits of Interactive eBooks.
By: Kitaboo

For this week, I found an article discussed the benefits of interactive ebooks. It is said that technology has been revolutionizing the learning experience and the readers today prefer to read books on their personal devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Hence, interactive ebooks become more popular in the market. The first benefits mentioned in the article is that it got to provide better engagement as the publisher can embed multimedia content like image, audio, and video with the content in the book. Also, there are newer technologies like Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality can give a realistic and immersive experience to readers by stimulating their imagination. Other than that, interactive ebooks are easier to update as compared to physical books. Digital publishing platforms usually provide the option of adding multimedia to content effortlessly. Hence, the authors can update all the digital assets and deploy them whenever the subject matter undergoes any changes. 

Furthermore, physical books and older generation ebooks are restricted to the standard methods of learning. These methods are void of interactivity restricting it to only reading and learning whenever needed. However, the authors can integrate technologies for retention and contextual learning. Moreover, digital publishing platforms offer the functionality of collaboration between the lecturer and students through the ebook itself. For example, the students could leave a comment on the ebook when facing difficulty as that can be addressed by the professor. In addition, ebooks can be accessed from multiple devices with or without internet connectivity which brings convenience to the readers. Ebooks are also said to be more cost-effective than publishing a physical book as it eliminates the printing costs and gives the benefit of updating the content without reprints. Meanwhile, it can be also used to create an engaging learning environment and provide an individual assessment to the learners. In conclusion, ebooks can be used to provide an interesting and visually appealing way for the learners  to learn and retain. 

Week 13

Best Ebook Layout Format: Reflowable or Fixed?
By: Kotebee

This week, I have read an article discussed on the reflowable and fixed layout of the ebook. It is stated that there are two layout formats (reflowable layout and fixed layout) to choose when creating an ebook. Each layout format has its own uses, advantages, and drawbacks. It depends on what a designer is creating and who they are creating it for.

Reflowable layout :

• provides responsive text and images

• look and positioning on the page depends on the screen dimensions, screen orientation and what changes you have made to the text size

• treats the content as floating text and images, then arranges them according to the screen size

• the content would rearrange itself to optimize readability for the new dimensions when the readers switch between portrait and landscape views

• size of the text can be changed by the reader which makes readability easier on smaller screens and for most readers with minor visual impairments

• number of pages is dynamic and it depends on how many it would take to fit the same content on the current screen size


The pros of reflowable layout : 

• text can be enlarged on screen without losing any essential formatting

• readable on small screens

• saved in smaller file size

• can be uploaded to most distributors

• work well on most ebook readers and devices


The cons of reflowable layout :

• author or designer could not control over how the text and images are displayed on the screen

• only support simple formats such as text-heavy single columns

• little support for supporting embedded fonts


Fixed layout : 

• also known as the pre-paginated layout

• act as a digital lock on text and image placement, in the same way that a PDF works

• able to add interactive elements

• zoom in and scroll both vertically and horizontally to read the full text

• looks and works better on a bigger screen

• easier to read on the computer, laptop or tablet screen but fairly annoying on a mobile


The pros of fixed layout : 

• author or designer could control over how the ebook is displayed on the screen

• the best option if the text is multi-column, where fixing text at specific points on the page is important

• it is beneficial if the key element to the book is the design


The cons of fixed layout :

• it doesn't give the reader a choice in font, spacing, margins or text size

• not every ebook reader or retailer supports this layout and some retailers will not distribute this format too

• tend to be larger in file

• more expensive to produce and update